Steel Design Guide: Steel-Framed Open-Deck Parking Structures

How to Apply Steel Design Guide: Steel-Framed Open-Deck Parking Structures

Mastering the design of steel-framed open-deck parking structures is crucial for engineers seeking to deliver efficient, durable, and cost-effective solutions. This specialized design guide from the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) provides the foundational knowledge and practical considerations necessary to navigate the unique challenges of these structures. By effectively applying its principles, you can enhance your project outcomes, reduce design risks, and solidify your reputation as a proficient structural engineer in this growing sector.

Before You Begin

Prerequisites:

• • Knowledge: Solid understanding of fundamental structural engineering principles, including load calculations, material properties of steel and concrete, and general building code requirements (e.g., IBC, ASCE 7). Familiarity with steel design codes (e.g., AISC Steel Construction Manual) is essential.
• • Tools/Resources: Access to the AISC Steel Design Guide: Steel-Framed Open-Deck Parking Structures, relevant building codes, design software for structural analysis and modeling, and manufacturer data for specific deck systems.
• • Time Required: Approximately 4-8 hours for initial review and comprehension, depending on prior experience with parking structure design. Design application will take significantly longer per project.

Step-by-Step Implementation

Step 1: Understand Open-Deck Parking Structure Fundamentals

Begin by familiarizing yourself with the specific characteristics of open-deck parking structures as outlined in the guide's introduction. Grasp the key components relevant to structural engineers, such as deck systems, framing, and vertical circulation elements. This foundational understanding will inform all subsequent design decisions. A common mistake is to treat these structures like conventional buildings without accounting for their unique exposure and load conditions.

Step 2: Select an Appropriate Deck System

Evaluate the various deck systems detailed in Chapter 2. Consider factors such as cost, constructability, durability in specific climates, and compatibility with the chosen framing system. The guide discusses cast-in-place concrete, post-tensioned slabs, precast double tees, and filigree systems. For instance, stay-in-place metal decking with cast-in-place concrete is a prevalent choice, but its performance hinges on proper detailing for drainage and concrete cover.

Step 3: Develop the Framing System Design

Proceed to Chapter 3 to design the steel framing system. This involves determining column layouts, beam sizes, and bracing requirements. The relationship between deck type and bay size geometry is critical for achieving economic efficiency. For cast-in-place concrete on stay-in-place metal decking, ensure the beams and columns are sized to support the composite action and the specific live loads.

Step 4: Integrate Vertical Circulation and Ancillary Elements

Address the design of stairs, elevator cores, and ramps, as discussed in later chapters of the guide. These elements are integral to the structure's functionality and must be properly connected to the main framing system. Pay close attention to fire separation requirements for enclosed stairwells or elevator shafts, even in open-deck structures.

Step 5: Implement Fire Protection and Corrosion Control Strategies

Review Chapter 4 and information on corrosion protection. Open-deck structures are exposed to the elements, necessitating robust fire protection and corrosion mitigation strategies. Understand the code-driven fire resistance requirements and select appropriate protective coatings or galvanization for steel members in corrosive environments. Failure to address corrosion can lead to premature structural degradation.

Step 6: Incorporate Barriers, Facades, and Drainage

Consider the design of perimeter barriers and facades, as well as comprehensive drainage systems. Proper deck slope and drainage are paramount to preventing water infiltration, which can lead to concrete deterioration and corrosion of steel elements. Ensure that drainage pathways are clearly defined and effectively managed.

Common Pitfalls to Avoid

• • **Inadequate